Introduction
n - Heptane is a straight - chain alkane with the chemical formula C7H16.
Molecular formula
C7H16
CAS NO.
142 - 82 - 5
Packing
137kg
Physical Properties
| Appearance | It is a colorless, volatile liquid. |
| Odor | It has a mild, gasoline - like odor. |
| Melting Point | -90.6 °C |
| Boiling Point | 98.4 °C |
| Density | 0.684 g/cm³ at 20 °C |
| Solubility | It is insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform. |
Chemical Properties
n - Heptane is a saturated hydrocarbon, which means it has only single bonds between carbon atoms and is relatively stable under normal conditions.
It can undergo combustion reactions in the presence of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water. The complete combustion reaction is C7H16+11O2⟶7CO2+8H2O.
It can also participate in substitution reactions with halogens under the action of light or heat. For example, it can react with chlorine to form chloroheptanes.
Uses
Solvent
It is widely used as a solvent in laboratories and industries. It is commonly used to dissolve non - polar substances such as fats, oils, and waxes. In the paint and coating industry, it is used as a solvent for resins and pigments.
Fuel Component
It is a component of gasoline. The octane number of n - heptane is defined as 0, which is used as a reference standard for measuring the anti - knock performance of gasoline. Blending n - heptane with other hydrocarbons can adjust the octane number of gasoline.
Chemical Intermediate
It is used in the synthesis of various organic compounds. For example, it can be used to prepare heptene through dehydrogenation reactions, which is an important intermediate for the production of plastics and other chemicals.
Safety Considerations
n - Heptane is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. It should be stored and used away from heat sources and open flames.
Inhalation of its vapors can cause irritation to the respiratory tract, dizziness, and nausea. Prolonged or high - concentration exposure may affect the central nervous system. Adequate ventilation is required when using n - heptane to ensure a safe working environment.
It may also cause skin and eye irritation upon direct contact. Appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and safety glasses, should be worn when handling n - heptane.
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