Introduction
Metformin hydrochloride is an organic compound, which is mainly used as an antihyperglycemic drug.
Specifications
CP/BP/USP
Chemical Name
1,1 - Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride
Molecular formula
C₄H₁₁N₅·HCl
CAS NO.
1115-70-4
Packing
25 kg/drum
CERTIFICATE
GMP
Category
Hypoglycemic drugs
Storage
Store it in a sealed container.
Indication
For type 2 diabetes mellitus in which blood glucose control through simple dietary control and physical exercise proves ineffective.
Pharmacological Actions
Improving Insulin Sensitivity
Metformin hydrochloride acts on peripheral tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue. It can increase the uptake and utilization of glucose by these tissues, enhance the binding of insulin to its receptor, and improve the signal transduction pathway of insulin, thereby increasing insulin sensitivity. In this way, it helps the body to better use the existing insulin to lower blood sugar.
Reducing Glucose Production in the Liver
It inhibits gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver, reducing the output of glucose from the liver into the bloodstream. This is an important mechanism for metformin to lower blood sugar, especially in the fasting state, which can effectively control fasting blood glucose levels.
Delaying Glucose Absorption
Metformin can slow down the absorption of glucose in the small intestine, which helps to reduce the post - prandial blood glucose spike. By affecting the intestinal microflora and the function of the intestinal mucosa, it regulates the rate of glucose entry into the bloodstream.
Clinical Applications
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
It is the first - line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It can be used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic drugs such as sulfonylureas, glinides, or insulin - sensitizing agents to control blood sugar levels. It is effective in improving both fasting and post - prandial blood glucose, and can also improve the long - term glycemic control index HbA1c.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Metformin is often used in the treatment of PCOS. It can improve insulin resistance in patients with PCOS, regulate menstrual cycles, and increase the ovulation rate. It is beneficial for improving the reproductive function and metabolic status of patients with PCOS.
Pre - diabetes
For people with pre - diabetes, metformin can be used for preventive treatment. It helps to delay or prevent the progression from pre - diabetes to type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and regulating blood sugar levels.
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